Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
Fleas are eurixenous ectoparasites that can parasitize different species of warm-blooded animals, including humans, with the possibility of causing irritation and blood spoliation. They are vectors responsible for the transmission of numerous pathogens and have a wide geographical distribution, more frequently in warm regions. Domestic animals (dogs and cats) are preferred hosts, but parasitism can also occur in wild hosts, with a greater variety of parasitic species and strong interaction between these siphonapters and their hosts. During the period from January 2021 to June 2023, flea specimens were collected from wild animals coming from the metropolitan region of Sorocaba, São Paulo. Some of these animals were animals from the zoo’s own stock, which were diagnosed with parasitism during routine examinations and others were rescued from the natural environment and sent to the zoo. The flea specimens collected were packed in alcohol 700 GL and sent for microscopic diagnosis. Four groups were diagnosed at the specific level: Ctenocephalides felis, Rhopalopsyllus lutzi, R. lugrubis and Tunga penetrans, and two groups as unidentified species, belonging to the genera Rhopalopsyllus and Polygenis. The parasitized animals were all mammals, belonging to eleven different species, distributed in the Orders Carnivora, Didelphimorphia, Rodentia and Cingulata. Studies on the parasitofauna of wild animals contribute to a greater knowledge about the distribution of parasitic agents and their relationships with the host species.
References
Almeida, C. N. H., Araújo, A. S., Campos, F. S., Lobato, Z. I. P., Gennari, S. M., Marvulo, M. F. V., Silva, J. C. R., & Talamoni, S. A. (2010). Wild canids, domestic dogs and their pathogens in Southeast Brazil: Disease threats for canid conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation, 19(12), 3513-3524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-010-9911-0. PMid:32214695.
Antunes, J. M. A., Demoner, L. D. C., Martins, I. V., Zanini, M. S., Deps, P. D., & Pujol-luz, J. R. (2006). Registro de Dasypus novemcinctus (Mammalia: Xenarthra) parasitado por Tunga terasma (Siphonaptera: Tungidae) em Alegre, Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 15(4), 206-207. PMid:17196127.
Barros-Battesti, D. M., & Arzua, M. (1997). Geographical distribution by biomes of some Marsupial Siphonaptera from the state of Paraná, Brazil. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 92(4), 485-486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/ S0074-02761997000400007.
Barros-Battesti, D. M., Arzua, M., Linardi, P. M., Botelho, J. R., & Sbalqueiro, I. J. (1998). Interrelationship between ectoparasites and wild rodents from Tijucas do Sul, State of Paraná, Brazil. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 93(6), 719-725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761998000600003. PMid:9921290.
Bezerra-Santos, M. A., Ramos, R. A. N., Campos, A. K., Dantas-Torres, F., & Otranto, D. (2021). Didelphis spp. opossums and their parasites in the Americas: A One health perspective. Parasitology Research, 120(12), 4091-4111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07072-4. PMid:33788021.
Bittencourt, E. B., & Rocha, C. F. D. (2003). Host-ectoparasite specificity in a small mammal community in an area of Atlantic Rain Forest (Ilha Grande, State of Rio de Janeiro), Southeastern Brazil. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 98(6), 793-798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762003000600015. PMid:14595458.
Carvalho, R. W. D., Serra-Freire, N. M., Linardi, P. M., Almeida, A. B. D., & Costa, J. N. D. (2001). Small todents fleas from the bubonic plague focus located in the Serra dos Órgãos Mountain Range, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 96(5), 603-609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762001000500003. PMid:11500756.
Cerqueira, E. J., Silva, E. M., Monte-Alegre, A. F., & Sherlock, Í. A. (2000). Considerações sobre pulgas (Siphonaptera) da raposa Cerdocyon thous (Canidae) da área endêmica de leishmaniose visceral de Jacobina, Bahia, Brasil. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 33(1), 91-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0037- 86822000000100015. PMid:10881126.
Clark, N. J., Seddon, J. M., Šlapeta, J., & Wells, K. (2018). Parasite spread at the domestic animal-wildlife interface: Anthropogenic habitat use, phylogeny and body mass drive risk of cat and dog flea (Ctenocephalides spp.) infestation in wild mammals. Parasites & Vectors, 11(1), 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2564-z. PMid:29307305.
Consoli, R. A. G. B., & Oliveira, R. L. (1994). Principais mosquitos de importância sanitária no Brasil (228 p.). Editora Fiocruz. http://dx.doi.org/10.7476/9788575412909.
Cordeiro, M. D., Araújo, I. M., da Silva, C. B., Guterres, A., da Fonseca, A. H., & de Azevedo Baêta, B. (2022). Hemoparasites in Didelphis aurita from Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 43(6), 2403-2414. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n6p2403.
Costa, A. L. M., Teixeira, R. H. F., Paschoalotti, M. H., Gomes, R. P., Felippi, D. A., & Franco, P. N. (2019). Controle de pulgas em cervo-do-pantanal (Blastocerus dichotomus) de cativeiro com uso de coleira com imidacloprida e flumetrina. Veterinária e Zootecnia, 26, 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35172/rvz.2019.v26.177.
Dantas-Torres, F., & Otranto, D. (2014). Dogs, cats, parasites, and humans in Brazil: Opening the black box. Parasites & Vectors, 7(1), 1-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-22. PMid:24423244.
Dobler, G., & Pfeffer, M. (2011). Fleas as parasites of the family Canidae. Parasites & Vectors, 4, 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-4-139. PMid:21767354.
Grossmann, N. V. A., de Souza, A. S., Cardoso, R. M., & Hoppe, E. G. L. (2018). Parasitological findings and antiparasitic treatment of captive jaguarundis Herpailurus yagouaroundi (Carnivora: Felidae) in a conservation center in Brazil. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 10(7), 11916-11919. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3394.10.7.11916-11919.
Linardi, P. M. (2011). Checklist de siphonaptera (Insecta) do Estado de São Paulo. Biota Neotropica, 11(1, suppl 1), 607-617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032011000500027.
Linardi, P. M. (2017). Checklist dos siphonaptera do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Iheringia. Série Zoologia, 107(1, suppl), 1-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2017148.
Linardi, P. M., & Guimarães, L. (2000). Sifonápteros do Brasil (Vol. 1, 291 p). Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo.
Linardi, P. M., & Santos, J. L. C. (2012). Ctenocephalides felis felis vs. Ctenocephalides canis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae): Some issues in correctly identify these species. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 21(4), 345-354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612012000400002. PMid:23295817.
Marshall, A. G. (1981). The ecology of ectoparasitic insects (459 p.). Academic Press.
Moraes, L. B. D., Bossi, D. E. P., & Linhares, A. X. (2003). Siphonaptera parasites of wild rodents and marsupials trapped in three mountain ranges of the Atlantic Forest in Southeastern Brazil. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 98(8), 1071-1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762003000800017. PMid:15049093.
Nogueira, B. C. F., de Azevedo Cassiano, L., Martins, T. F., Graciolli, G., Ribon, R., Yamatogi, R. S., & Campos, A. K. (2023). Records of ectoparasites on humans and wildlife in southeastern Brazil. Archives of Veterinary Science, 1(1), 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/avs.v1i1.87959.
Oliveira, C. H. S., Carvalho-Pinto, C., de Carvalho, R. W., Graipel, M. E., & Simões-Lopes, P. C. (2007). Interação parasito-hospedeiro entre ectoparasitos (Ixodida & Siphonaptera) e gambás Didelphis aurita Wied-Neuwied, 1826 (Mammalia: Didelphimorphia), no continente e em ilhas do litoral de Santa Catarina, Sul do Brasil. Biotemas, 20(4), 81-90.
Oliveira, H. H., Almeida, A. J. D., Carvalho, R. W., Gomes, V., Serra-Freire, N. M., Quinelato, I., & Carvalho, A. G. (2010). Siphonaptera of small rodents and marsupials in the Pedra Branca State Park, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 19(1), 49-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612010000100010. PMid:20385060.
Pinto, I. S., Botelho, J. R., Costa, L. P., Leite, Y. L., & Linardi, P. M. (2009). Siphonaptera associated with wild mammals from the Central Atlantic Forest biodiversity corridor in Southeastern Brazil. Journal of Medical Entomology, 46(5), 1146-1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/033.046.0523. PMid:19769047.
Quevedo, M., Gómez, L., & Lescano, J. (2014). Tick and flea infestation in a captive margay Leopardus wiedii (Schinz, 1821)(Carnivora: Felidae: Felinae) in Peru. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 6(2), 5501-5502. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o3666.5501-2.
Rodrigues, A. F. S. F., & Daemon, E. (2004). Ixodídeos e sifonápteros em Cerdocyon thous (Carnívora, Canidae) procedentes da Zona da Mata Mineira, Brasil. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico, 71(3), 371-372.
Sales, A. D. J. S., Silva, A. L. O., Gonçalves, D. O., de Oliveira Grieser, D., Jedlicka, L. D. L., & de Souza Quevedo, P. (2021). Ectosparasitas em cachorros do mato (Cerdocyon thous) vítimas de atropelamento na Floresta Nacional dos Carajás (PA). Brazilian Journal of Development, 7(3), 22607-22615. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv7n3-127.
Santos, J. L. C., Magalhães, N. B., Santos, H. A. D., Ribeiro, R. R., & Guimarães, M. P. (2012). Parasites of domestic and wild canids in the region of Serra do Cipó National Park, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 21(3), 270-277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612012000300016. PMid:23070438.
Santos, P. M. D. S., Silva, S. G. N. D., Fonseca, C. F. D., & Oliveira, J. B. D. (2015). Parasitos de aves e mamíferos silvestres em cativeiro no estado de Pernambuco. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 35(9), 788-794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-736X2015000900004.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2023 Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira, André Luiz Mota da Costa, Cassia Regina Ramos Gonzaga, Flora Nogueira Matos, Marina Alvarado de Medeiros, Shamira de Fátima Sallum Leandro, Ronnie Von Matheus, Maria Atalla Bellotti, Beatriz Freitas Lima, Cláudio Alessandro Massamitsu Sakamoto, Luciano Antunes Barros